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Cake day: August 26th, 2025

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    • The post-WW2 transition to liberal democracy in Germany, Italy (Adenauer and De Gasperi): Adenauer and De Gasperi were the leaders of the respective christian-democratic parties and led the transition of their countries away from 2 of the worst dictatorships humankind has ever seen
    • ending apartheid in South Africa: F. W. De Klerk was South Africa’s last apartheid president and although he represented the party which created apartheid, he acted as a centrist. He sidelined the far right wings of his party, released Nelson Mandela’s and ended the system. Nelson Mandela also adopted pretty reconciliatory policies once he became president.
    • 1991 economic reforms in India: the centrist Indian National Congress party adopted sweeping reforms that enabled India to face the crisis it was going through and speed up its GDP per capita growth.

    I don’t have time to finish but you can easily find more information about the rest in any contemporary history textbook or on the internet.



  • The post-WW2 transition to liberal democracy in Germany, Italy (Adenauer and De Gasperi), and in general European integration; ending apartheid in South Africa; 1991 economic reforms in India; Deng Xiaoping’s socialist market economy in China which lifted millions from destitution; Chile’s transition to democracy; the labor-capital compromise in Scandinavia which allows them to have very free markets and very strong welfare systems at the same time.

    I could go on.