What about the required raw materials to fabricate the solar panels? What about aging and recycling rate?

I don’t say, abandon solar power. I say: improve the recycling rate of the panels. Dual use agricultural land, maybe try to take advantage of the panel’s properties for agricultural land use (shadows cast by the panels, wind erosion idk).

And maybe evaluate where cars for personal transportation are really needed and how the fuel efficiency could be raised.

Mass transportation complemented by bike and scooter rentals - it’s mostly an infrastructural change, which leads to reduced fuel consumption.

Car sharing: One could aim to increase the frequency of use per vehicle - less cars to build, less space required for parking lots and streets.